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Political and Business corruption: -Business Corruption
Often not regarded as a crime, rather as a means to accelerate business processes. Proponents claim that the end result is not affected; the mechanisms used to achieve the result are simply accelerated; In essence, bureaucracy is bypassed and time is utilized. Includes bribery, insider trading, money laundering, embezzlement, tax evasion and accounting irregularities. -Political Corruption
Occurs predominantly in developing and less developed countries.
Usually associated with the electoral process.
Includes: - voting irregularities
- nepotism and cronyism
- rule of a few
- false political promises
- paying journalists for favorable coverage of candidates and parties
- influencing voters by the distribution of money, food and/or drink
- holding on to power against the will of the people.
Chaotic and Organized corruption
-Organized Corruption
A well-organized system of corruption in which there is a clear idea:
- Of whom to bribe;
- How much should be offered
- And are confident that they will receive the favor in return.
Organized corruption is often perpetrated by crime gangs and syndicates and includes white-collar crime and identity theft. -Chaotic Corruption
A disorganized system where there is no clarity regarding whom to bribe and how much payment should be offered.
There is: • no guarantee that further bribes will not have to be paid to other officials; • no reasonable assurance that the favour will be delivered; • no coordination between the recipients of benefits, with the result •That the price of corruption is often inflated All these distinctions have no value: no form of corruption is better or worse than another.
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